Penerapan Pendekatan Terapi Bermain untuk Meningkatkan Fokus dan Interaksi Sosial Anak Tunalaras
Keywords:
terapi bermain, tunalaras, fokus, interaksi sosial, regulasi diriAbstract
Anak tunalaras merupakan kelompok anak dengan hambatan emosi dan perilaku yang berdampak pada kemampuan fokus serta interaksi sosial. Terapi bermain menjadi pendekatan psikopedagogis yang banyak digunakan untuk membantu mengembangkan regulasi diri, kemampuan atensi, serta keterampilan sosial anak dengan gangguan emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). Kajian literatur ini menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan menelaah artikel tahun 2018–2025 dari Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, dan ResearchGate. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa terapi bermain meliputi guided play, child-centered play therapy, permainan sensoris, permainan berbasis aturan, permainan tradisional, serta parent-mediated play therapymsecara konsisten meningkatkan fokus dan interaksi sosial anak tunalaras. Peningkatan fokus terlihat melalui penguatan fungsi eksekutif, memori kerja, dan kemampuan inhibisi, sedangkan peningkatan interaksi sosial muncul melalui fasilitasi komunikasi interpersonal, kerja sama, regulasi emosi, serta pemahaman norma sosial. Keberhasilan intervensi dipengaruhi oleh durasi terapi, kompetensi terapis, pemilihan permainan, adaptasi budaya, dan dukungan keluarga. Kajian ini menegaskan bahwa terapi bermain merupakan pendekatan efektif dan relevan diterapkan dalam konteks pendidikan khusus, terutama bagi anak tunalaras.
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